![]() As far as we know, one of the main consequences of liver fibrosis is the increased stiffness, and there is a linear relationship between the severity of liver fibrosis and liver stiffness 11, 12. However, strangely, compared with the HCC patients without cirrhosis, patients with cirrhosis have smaller tumor size 6, 9, 10. Several studies have revealed that the tumor immunity escape and angiogenesis promoted by liver fibrosis can affect the occurrence, development and recurrence of HCC 6, 7, 8. The complex pathogenesis of liver fibrosis includes activation and recruitment of immunecells, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatic myofibroblasts (MFs), and the synthesis of fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) 3, 4, 5. Taken together, we concluded that liver fibrosis facilitated tumor immunity escape but limited the expansion of tumor size.Ī distinct feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is that it is closely related to liver fibrosis, and 80–90% of HCC occurred in the fibrotic or cirrhotic liver 1, 2. ![]() Three weeks after modeling, the size of tumors in the LF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group (382.47 ± 195.06 mm 3 vs. Additionally, the expression of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) of tumor tissue in the LF group increased. The results showed that, compared to the control group, the PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein receptor-L1) expression was higher, and the neutrophil infiltration increased while the effector (CD8+) T cell infiltration decreased in the LF group. All rats were executed at the third week after modeling, and the immunohistochemical staining was used to reflect the changes in the tumor microenvironment. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) was used to monitor the size of the tumors. In this study, 16 SD rats were used to establish orthotopic liver tumor transplantation models with Walker-256 cell lines, respectively on the fibrotic liver (n = 8, LF group) and normal liver (n = 8, control group). ![]() ![]() However, an interesting phenomenon is that the tumor size of liver cancer patients with liver fibrosis is smaller than that of patients without liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis plays a crucial role in promoting tumor immune escape and tumor aggressiveness for liver cancer. ![]()
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